The aim of this study was to analyze the association between physical activity and eating habits during the COVID-19 pandemic among Brazilian adults. A sample of 1,929 participants answered an online survey, however 1,874 were included in the analysis. The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on eating habits was assessed inquiring about participants' intake of fruits, vegetables, fried foods, and sweets during the pandemic. Physical activity was assessed by asking participants about their weekly frequency, intensity and number of minutes/hours engaging (...) in structured physical activities per week. Participants were then stratified into categories based on moderate-to-vigorous intensity and into active or inactive. Increased sweets consumption was the most commonly reported change to eating habits, followed by an increase in the consumption of vegetables, fruits, and fried foods. Physical activity practice was related to lower consumption of fried foods and sweets. A cluster analysis revealed subjects with higher the level of physical activity was more likely to follow a healthy diet. Thus, physical activity was positively associated with healthier eating habits. Health authorities must recommend regular physical as a strategy to improve overall health during the COVID-19 pandemic. Future studies should address the physical activity interventions to improve health status during a pandemic. (shrink)

b>—Several paradigms (e.g. change blindness, inattentional blindness, transsaccadic integra- tion) indicate that observers are often very poor at reporting changes to their visual environment. Such evidence has been used to suggest that the spatio-temporal coherence needed to represent change can only occur in the presence of focused attention. However, those studies almost always rely on explicit reports. It remains a possibility that the visual system can implicitly detect change, but that in the absence of focused attention, the change does not (...) reach awareness and consequently is not reported. To test this possibility, we used a simple change detection paradigm coupled with a speeded orien- tation discrimination task. Even when observers reported being unaware of a change in an item’s orientation, its nal orientation effectively biased their response in the orientation discrimination task. Both in aware and unaware trials, errors were most frequent when the changed item and the probe had incongruent orientations. These results demonstrate that the _nature _of the change can be represented in the absence of awareness. (shrink)

While poverty all over the world is more typical and extreme in rural contexts, interventions to improve cognition in low socioeconomic status children are for the most part based on studies conducted in urban populations. This paper investigate how poverty and rural or urban settings affect child cognitive performance. Executive functions and non-verbal intelligence performance, as well as individual and environmental information was obtained from 131 5-year-old children. For the same level of SES, children in rural settings performed consistently worse (...) than children in urban settings. These differences could be accounted mostly by the months of past preschool attendance and the father’s completed level of education. These results should inform policies and programs for children living in rural poverty worldwide, and specially in Latin America. (shrink)

This volume proposes an interdisciplinary framework that views attention from a particular angle: as a means of accessing, that is, disclosing the world in a practical and meaningful way. Moreover, it investigates how this access is concretely mediated. The book is structured in the following two parts: 1) Attention and Access The first section is concerned with attention as such. What is attention and what does it do? A common thread between the expected contributions addresses attention as a directional disclosing (...) process, opening up a possibility of access to the world. This section brings contributions from a cognitive psychology/neuroscience into dialogue with phenomenology and philosophy of mind; and links attention research to new paradigms, such as predictive coding, and 4e cognition. 2) Attention and Mediation The second section tackles the question of how this disclosing process may work. Concrete disclosing is always framed by different factors and frames the world. The contributions in this section spell out the different ways in which attention is mediated and shaped by technology, situations, sociality etc., and the ways in which attention mediates our access to the world. (shrink)

The coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic is altering dynamics in academia, and people juggling remote work and domestic demands – including childcare – have felt impacts on their productivity. Female authors have faced a decrease in paper submission rates since the beginning of the pandemic period. The reasons for this decline in women’s productivity need to be further investigated. Here, we analyzed the influence of gender, parenthood and race on academic productivity during the pandemic period based on a survey answered by (...) 3,345 Brazilian academics from various knowledge areas and research institutions. Productivity was assessed by the ability to submit papers as planned and to meet deadlines during the initial period of social isolation in Brazil. The findings revealed that male academics – especially those without children – are the least affected group, whereas Black women and mothers are the most impacted groups. These impacts are likely a consequence of the well-known unequal division of domestic labor between men and women, which has been exacerbated during the pandemic. Additionally, our results highlight that racism strongly persists in academia, especially against Black women. The pandemic will have long-term effects on the career progression of the most affected groups. The results presented here are crucial for the development of actions and policies that aim to avoid further deepening the gender gap in academia. (shrink)

One of Heidegger’s most important descriptions of bodily existence can be found in his Nietzsche lectures. This paper aims to elucidate this “metaphysics of the body” both in relation to Heidegger’s Leibniz-interpretation in the later Marburg lectures as well as in the context of his later thought. Leibniz and Nietzsche are Heidegger’s points of departure in the attempt to think the difference between θεωρία and πραξις beyond Being and Time: It is only by understanding their relationship, through a radical re-thinking (...) of the problem of corporeality, no longer as a noun (der Leib) but as a verb (leiben), that one can possibly move beyond every traditional dualism, between theory and praxis but also and most notably between being and becoming. (shrink)

In diesem Band deckt Diego D'Angelo semiotische Strukturen in der Husserl’schen Phänomenologie der Wahrnehmung auf. Ist es der Phänomenologie darum zu tun, die Erfahrung von Dingen in unserer Umwelt zu beschreiben, so ist dabei der Begriff des Horizontes von zentraler Bedeutung: Was wir unmittelbar wahrnehmen, verweist immer schon auf anderes, was nur „mitgegeben“ ist. Wenn wir Dinge wahrnehmen, haben wir nur eine bestimmte Perspektive, d.h. wir sehen lediglich einen Aspekt. Aber wir nehmen immer ganze Gegenstände wahr (wir sehen Tische (...) und Stühle und andere Menschen). Jeder dieser Gegenstände erscheint in einem Feld weiterer Gegenstände, und es ist der Horizontbegriff, der es erlaubt, das Verhältnis zwischen Selbstgegebenheit und Mitgegebenheit zu explizieren. Dieses Buch stellt den ersten detaillierten Versuch dar, die Ursprünge solcher horizontaler Felder in semiotischen Strukturen zu suchen. Aus der Verbindung zwischen Husserls eigener Semiotik und seiner Phänomenologie der Wahrnehmung ergibt sich, dass das wahrgenommene Phänomen als Zeichen verstanden werden muss. Das Zeichen wiederum bezeichnet etwas, was in leiblicher Bewegung eingeholt werden kann. Mit der Verbindung von Leiblichkeit, Semiotik und Wahrnehmung thematisiert diese Monographie das Verhältnis zwischen folgenden phänomenologischen Forschungsgebieten: • Husserls Semiotik der Wahrnehmung in den Logischen Untersuchungen • Phänomenologische Raumanalyse – kinästhetische Indikation • Horizont und Noema • Passive Anzeige • Zeichen und Leiblichkeit als Grundlagen der Fremderfahrung • Genetische Phänomenologie und Semiotik der Erfahrung • Protentionen und teleologische Semiose • Induktion und Ursprung des menschlichen Ichs Das Buch eröffnet die Möglichkeit, Husserls Phänomenologie jenseits einer Metaphysik der Präsenz zu verstehen. Zudem leisten D'Angelos Einzeluntersuchungen einen Beitrag zu aktuellen Diskussionen in der Philosophie der leiblichen Kognition. – Eine hilfreiche Leseempfehlung für • Interessierte Themenneulinge • Bachelor- und Masterstudenten der Geisteswissenschaften • Hochschulabsolventen sowie Forschungswissenschaftler. (shrink)

The ability to image the human brain has provided a new perspective for neuropsychologists in their efforts to understand, diagnose, and treat insults to the human brain that might occur as the result of stroke, tumor, traumatic injury, degenerative disease, or errors in development. These new ®ndings are the major theme of this special issue. In our article, we consider brain networks that carry out the functions of attention. We outline several such networks that have been studied in normal and (...) pathological states. These include networks for orienting to sensory stimuli, for maintaining the alert state, and for orchestrating volitional control. (shrink)

Understanding evolution beyond a gene-centered vision is a fertile ground for new questions and approaches. However, in this systemic perspective, we take issue with the necessity of the concept of information. Through the example of brain and language evolution, we propose the autonomous systems theory as a more biologically relevant framework for the evolutionary perspective offered by Jablonka & Lamb (J&L).

Contribución exegética acerca de la teoría spinoziana de los afectos (=ética) y la libertad (=eleuteriología), la cual remarca el carácter constructivo de la ética spinoziana y algunas dificultades inherentes a la correlativa teoría metafísica de la libertad.

Resumo O propósito deste artigo é mostrar a contribuição de Nietzsche à revolução nas práticas da encenação que ocorreram no Século XX, bem como sua relevância como crítico apaixonado pelo potencial de uma forma de arte que ele sentia que era interpretada em sua época de forma diminuída. A partir de seu estudo do teatro grego na obraO nascimento da tragédia, sublinha a importância da encenação na tragédia antiga, a qual estava para além do texto escrito por seu autor. Oferece (...) com isso uma análise da ideia de teatro como arte, a qual é consubstancial realizar-se em três dimensões: a do ator, a do poeta ou escritor do texto e a do espectador. Nietzsche defende a especificidade desses três papéis para toda realização teatral e o sentido filosófico que tem o teatro como autêntica forma artística. Conclui-se o artigo mostrando a recepção do pensamento teatral de Nietzsche em autores como August Strindberg, George Bernard Shaw e Eugene O'Neill, que buscarão novas formas e novos significados para sua arte.The purpose of this article is to show the contribution of Nietzsche to the revolution in the practices of the scenario that takes place in the 20th century, as well as its relevance as a passionate critic for the potential of an art form that he felt was interpreted in his time in a diminished way. From his study of Greek theater in his workThe Birth of Tragedy,he underlines the importance that in the ancient tragedy had its staging, and that went beyond the text written by its author. It offers therefore an analysis of the idea of theater as art, which is consubstantial in three dimensions: the actor, the poet or writer of the text and the viewer. Nietzsche defends the specificity of these three roles for every theatrical enterprise and the philosophical sense that theater has as an authentic artistic form. The article concludes by showing the acceptance of Nietzsche's theatrical thought in authors such as August Strindberg, George Bernard Shaw or Eugene O'Neill, who sought new forms and new meanings for their art. (shrink)

This paper addresses the role of the notion of sacrifice in Kant’s theoretical philosophy, practical philosophy, and in his account of religion. First, I argue that kenotic sacrifice, or sacrifice as ‘withdrawal’, plays a hidden and yet important role in the development of Kant’s transcendental philosophy. Second, I focus on Kant’s practical philosophy, arguing that the notion of sacrifice that is both implied and explicitly analyzed by Kant is mainly suppressive sacrifice. However, Kant’s account is fundamentally ambiguous, as sometimes the (...) kenotic meaning of sacrifice seems to resurface, especially in the context of Kant’s discussion of the happiness of others as an end in itself. Because religious notions are regarded by Kant as necessary transitional forms (Darstellungen) to be used to make moral ideas applicable to the world, I then scrutinize Kant’s view of sacrifice as an improper symbol, and I analyze Kant’s arguments for such a dismissal and discuss the subject matter in recent literature. Finally, I examine the role of sacrifice in Kant’s account of Christ as the prototype of pure moral disposition. I conclude by arguing that Kant indeed grasped the importance of including kenotic dynamics in practical philosophy but was somehow unable or unwilling to integrate it into the formal grounding of his ethics. This tension, however, effectively provides an entry point for features that can be found in the post-Kantians. (shrink)

La investigación asume el enfoque cualitativo. La información se obtuvo a partir de talleres, diarios de campo y autorrelatos de docentes participantes, representantes de 19 programas de pregrado de la Universidad Mariana, Pasto. El análisis se realizó mediante categorías deductivas e inductivas, de donde se extrajo las proposiciones que dan consistencia a la comprensión de la pedagogía franciscana desde la teoría de los campos de Bourdieu. El aporte logrado se resume en una mirada integradora y novedosa de la pedagogía franciscana, (...) la resignificación de las prácticas pedagógicas de los docentes, a partir de relatos y experiencias que configuran el corpus teórico de la constitución del campo, capital y habitus, desde la perspectiva franciscana para la formación en capacidades humanas. (shrink)

The present paper suggests to consider Kierkegaard’s use of Abraham’s story in Fear and Trembling in regulative terms, that is, to consider it as a model – not for our moral behaviour but rather for our religious behaviour. To do so, I first rely on recent literature to argue that Kierkegaard should be regarded as a distinctively post-Kantian philosopher: namely, a philosopher who goes beyond Kant in a way that is nevertheless true to the spirit of Kant’s original critical philosophy. (...) Then, I present a post-Kantian reading of Fear and Trembling, focusing on the problematic implications that result from comparing this text with Hegel’s theory of recognition. Finally, I submit that sacrifice in Fear and Trembling is a regulative notion in a Kantian sense. This interpretation addresses some of the most problematic aspects of the text. I conclude that the regulativity of sacrifice may be regarded as an important and perhaps an essential component of Kierkegaard’s overall philosophical strategy. (shrink)

Este artículo se centra en el concepto de gobierno. A partir de algunos planteamientos filosóficos de pensadores como Michel Foucault, Peter Sloterdijk, Maurizio Lazzarato y otros se despliega una argumentación sobre las formas como se fabrica lo humano. En un primer momento se hace una exploración terminológica desde un punto de vista antropológico del verbo "gobernar" para delimitar los alcances de esta reflexión; posteriormente se realiza un desplazamiento de la mirada hacia las nuevas formas como se gobiernan los seres humanos, (...) tanto desde lo colectivo como lo individual. This article focuses on the concept of governing. Based on some philosophical approaches by thinkers like Michel Foucault, Peter Sloterdijk, Giorgio Agamben, and Maurizio Lazzarato among others, an argument is developed about the ways how the human is constructed. Firstly, a terminological exploration on the verb "to govern/to rule" is carried out from an anthropological view in order to define the scope of this reflection. The view is subsequently turned to the new ways how humans are being governed, both in their collective and individual extent. (shrink)

El presente artículo pretende aproximarse a dos conceptos centrales en las reflexiones de la pensadora judío-alemana Hannah Arendt. En principio, se realiza un abordaje del concepto “política” para efectos de mostrar su sentido en términos cotidianos. En un segundo momento se hará una exploración de las nociones de libertad y poder, centrales para comprender el sentido de la política. Finalmente, se realiza una exploración al concepto de logos, noción central a la hora de comprender el asunto de la libertad como (...) acto en el ejercicio del poder. (shrink)

El ensayo explora los principios básicos y los supuestos teóricos del socialismo raizal propuesto por el sociólogo colombiano Orlando Fals Borda. Este socialismo es presentado como una propuesta enraizada en la Investigación Acción Participativa, haciendo énfasis en su origen en las experiencias históricas revolucionarias de los pueblos originarios y diversos sectores populares de América Latina. Igualmente, se resalta su contenido popular, humanista, democrático y epistémico. El ensayo también explora sus acercamientos y sus diferencias con el pensamiento de Marx.

Resumen: El artículo aborda uno de los modos de localización de entidades en situaciones espaciales estáticas: la deíxis espacial. Nuestro objetivo principal es describir la estructura y uso del sistema demostrativo en espacio de escala menor en la lengua hablada por los gitanos de Chile: el rromané jorajané. Para la obtención de los datos se utilizó The 1999 Demonstrative Questionnaire: ‘THIS’ and ‘THAT’ in comparative perspective. Los resultados del análisis destacan que los demostrativos espaciales del rromané jorajané constituyen un grupo (...) altamente simétrico, que combina un componente semántico deíctico, junto con contenidos gramaticales. Se trata de un sistema demostrativo binario en cuanto a la categoría de distancia respecto del centro deíctico. Se concluye también que la selección del demostrativo apropiado obedece al siguiente patrón: el demostrativo proximal tiene su área focal en la zona próxima al hablante, mientras que el demostrativo distal incluye en su campo de aplicación tanto la zona próxima al oyente como la zona distante al hablante.: This paper addresses one way of locating entities in static spatial situations: the spatial deixis. Our main purpose is to describe the structure and use of the demonstrative system in small-scale space in the language spoken by Gypsies in Chile: the rromané jorajané. Data collection was performed with “The 1999 Demonstrative Questionnaire: ‘THIS’ and ‘THAT’ in comparative perspective”. The analysis results highlight that spatial demonstratives in rromané jorajané are a highly symmetrical group combining a deictic semantic component with grammatical contents. It is a binary demonstrative system in terms of the category of distance from the deictic center. Additionally, it is concluded that choice of the suitable demonstrative proceeds according to the following pattern: the proximal demonstrative has its focal area in the speaker’s zone of proximity, while the distal demonstrative includes both the addressee’s zone of proximity and the speaker’s distal zone within its application field. (shrink)

René Girard's mimetic theory has been object of much interest in the last few years, both in the 'Continental' and in the 'English-speaking' philosophical areas. Nevertheless, Girard's thought is not always accepted in the academic circles. The main cause for this is that his theory is considered too 'philosophical' in the Human Sciences Departments, and it seems too close to cultural anthropology and literary criticism to be appreciated by philosophers. This is the reason why it could be fruitful to focus (...) the attention on the philosophical aspects of René Girard's thought. I clarify what is meant exactly by 'philosophy' within the mimetic theory of René Girard and I define the borders of the problem of the 'death of philosophy,' as it appears from Girard's work. Then, I focus on philosophical hermeneutics and its relationship with the mimetic theory. Finally, I try to answer a central question: is it still possible to speak of 'philosophy' within the Girardian universe? (shrink)

Perkins, Patricio Agustín.“La rela-ción filosófica entre Husserl y Avenarius en Problemas fundamentales de la fenomenología.” _Diánoia_ 59.72 (2014): 25-48.

Hay antecedentes del giro afectivo en los desarrollos fenomenológicos tempranos del siglo pasado. Particularmente, investigaciones genéticas llevadas a cabo por Husserl se adentran en la naturaleza del fenómeno afectivo. No obstante, esto se enmarca en un proyecto epistemológico más amplio, que tiene como consecuencia el hecho de que la afección no sea investigada a profundidad. El propósito de este artículo es retomar los descubrimientos de Husserl e ir más allá y aproximarse a una fenomenología sistemática del fenómeno afectivo. Para eso, (...) se evalúan los alcances y las limitaciones del análisis husserliano y se muestra en qué sentido está fundado en un prejuicio cognoscitivo. Sobre esto, se revelará el carácter fundamentalmente valorativo y corporal de la experiencia afectiva, carácter que encuentra evidencia empírica en avances recientes enmarcados en las ciencias cognitivas. (shrink)

Esta ponencia se propone demostrar que, para John Locke, el individuo posee derechos inalienables, pero que la misma naturaleza humana tiende a establecer ciertas relaciones de poder que lo esclavizan. La constatación teórica e histórica de este postulado lleva a Locke a sostener que la salida del hombre de esa situación de enfermedad debe liberarlo no de las relaciones de poder, que pueden ser legitimadas, sino de sus propias pasiones que lo llevan a juzgar con parcialidad sus derechos y a (...) intentar someter a otros a los designios de su amor propio. Para ello, el contrato social lockeano busca elaborar un equilibrio entre los derechos inalienables de los hombres y la construcción de un espacio comunitario que haga posible la justicia en las relaciones humanas y, por lo tanto, emancipe al hombre del estado de enfermedad en el que se encontraría si no existiese el poder político. La función del poder político surgido en el contrato social es, pues, la de respetar-reestablecer el equilibrio entre libertad e igualdad que debe primar entre los hombres. (shrink)

resumo : Redescoberta a partir da década de 1990, a obra de Gilbert Simondon coloca a técnica em uma posição central na reflexão filosófica. Mais do que uma faculdade do humano, a técnica aparece em Simondon como uma afecção determinante para todo regime do coletivo e do psíquico, fundadora de configuração do modo de estar no mundo. Este artigo visa retraçar o caminho pelo qual Simondon encontra a técnica como um problema filosófico antigo e escamoteado, cuja recuperação se torna urgente (...) com a contemporânea imbricação entre a tecnologia e o devir do fenômeno humano. abstract : The work of Gilbert Simondon, recovered in the 1990s, places technicity in a central position for philosophical thought. More than a human faculty, technicity appears in Simondon as a determinant affection for the entire regime of collective and psychic existence. It finds thus a plethora of configurations of the modalities of being in the world. This essay seeks to retrace the ways in which Simondon discovers technicity as an ancient philosophical problem that has been veiled, the recovery of which becomes ever more urgent given the contemporary interpenetration between technology and the becoming of the human phenomenon. (shrink)

O presente trabalho busca mostrar o processo de criação sob o ponto de vista da poesia mística de Rumi. Portanto, procura demonstrar como Rumi dá vida, em seus escritos, ao máximo ato vivificador, à beleza com a qual ele entende e transporta, pelas palavras, o conhecimento do ato criador divino. Trata-se, portanto, de mostrar o processo de criação pelo qual as criaturas recebem a filiação do Criador, e como esse elo primordial com a transcendência é então capaz de inspirar todo (...) movimento observado pelo místico em direção ao processo de união, que no caso de Rumi, remete ao movimento de influxo do amor. É pelo amor que as criaturas são chamadas a reconhecer, no mundo e no cosmos os atributos de Deus, dos quais elas participam por filiação. (shrink)